1. Which of the following is the best definition of a "state-based" effect?

1. An effect that is generated by a static ability that checks the game environment on a continuous basis.
2. A type of active effect that is generated by the resolution of a triggered ability.
3. An effect that is checked for when a player would gain priority and during cleanup.
4. A type of continuous effect that replaces one event with a different event.

1. Combat damage that is "redirected" from one creature to another, still retains its "combat" nature.
2. You cannot "redirect" red damage to a creature that has protection from red.
3. Damage that has been placed on the stack is considered "successfully dealt"
4. You cannot use a damage prevention ability until damage has been assigned by being placed on the stack.
5. If the creature you "redirected" damage to is no longer in play when the damage assigned on the stack resolves, then the damage in effect "disappears."

1. If tapping is an activation cost, then you tap the permanent when it goes on the stack
2. You pick out all targets.
3. You decide all other things, such as number of cards to reveal for Cinder Seer.
4. You select any lands that will untap when the spell/effect resolves
5. You pay any mana costs
6. If the spell is modal, you select the mode
7. If a sacrifice is part of the cost, you have to make the sacrifice at that time

7. Eric plays an Avalanche Riders. When the Riders come into play, Eric names Dawn's only Swamp as the target for the Rider's Coming into Play Effect. In response to this action, Dawn sacrifices the targeted swamp and taps a forest to pay for Crop Rotation. Eric passes. Dawn passes. The crop rotation resolves and Dawn puts a new Swamp into play. Eric wants to know if he can target the new Swamp with the Avalanche Riders?

1. No. Once a target for a coming into play has been selected, this target cannot be changed later on.
2. No. And to make matters worse for Eric, since the target of the Avalanche Rider's coming into play effect is no longer in play, the Riders are countered.
3. Yes. If the target of a spell/ability becomes illegal when it goes to resolve, you must pick a new target if a legal target exists.
4. Yes. You may pick a new target, but you are not required to do so.

8. Paul has in play two Oath of Ghouls, an Avalanche Rider and a Ghitu Slinger. Paul has four creatures in his graveyard and his opponent, Dan, has two creatures in his graveyard. The Rider and the Slinger both have Echo costs to be paid this turn. Paul wants to put the ability of the Oaths on the Stack first and then put dealing with Echo on the stack. He then wants to not pay the Echo so that he can use the Oaths to return the Rider and the Slinger to his hand. Can he do this?

Oath of Ghouls: Enchantment. At the beginning of each player's upkeep, if there are more creature cards in that player's graveyard than in an opponent's graveyard, the player may return target creature card from his or her graveyard to his or her hand.

1. No. He can only activate one Oath per turn. So he can return one creature, but not both of them
2. No. When the Oath's triggered abilities are placed on the stack, targets must be selected. The Slinger and the Riders are not in the graveyard yet and therefore cannot be targeted.
3. Yes, as long as Paul puts the Oath's abilities on the stack first and the Echo payments second. This way the creatures will be in the graveyard when the Oath's abilities resolve, so that the Slinger and the Rider will be viable targets
4. Yes. Although the Slinger and the Riders are not in the graveyard when the Oath's targets are initially selected, targets can always be changed when a triggered ability resolves.

9. Stephen attacks with his Gang of Elk. Derek has in play a Phyrexian Devourer (2/2 that you can tap and sacrifice to give a creature -2/-2 until end of turn), and a 3/3 creature. Is there anyway for Derek to kill the Elk?

Gang of Elk: Summon Beasts. Whenever a creature blocks it, Gang of Elk gets +2/+2 until end of turn. 5/4

1. No. Because for each creature that blocks, the Elk gains +2/+2.
2. Yes. Because the Elk only gets +2/+2 once, it does not get an additional bonus for the second blocker.
3. Yes. But only if he blocks with both creatures and then after combat damage is put on the stack, sacrifices the Devourer to give the Elk -2/-2.

10. Alex has a Master Healer in play. John expunges the Healer. In response Alex taps the Master Healer to use its special ability before it goes to the graveyard, saying that he will prevent the next 4 points of damage to himself this turn. Which of the following statements is true about this?

Master Healer: Creature - Cleric. (tap): Prevent the next 4 damage to target creature or player this turn. 1/4

1. Alex may prevent damage to himself, but he must name a specific source that he is preventing damage from.
2. Alex does not have to name a specific source at the time he uses the Healer, but he can only prevent damage from one source.
3. Only damage already assigned may be prevented this way.
4. Alex may use the damage prevention shield to prevent the next four points of damage he would otherwise be dealt.

11. Jon is at 1 life and his opponent, Gene, is at 3 life points. Jon is active player. He wants to cast an earthquake for 3 points. Assuming that neither player has any life gaining spells or any damage prevention, What happens?

1. Jon loses. Although both players will take enough damage to reduce their life totals to zero or less, since Jon is the active player, the three points of damage will be applied to him first, so he will die before the damage to Gene is applied.
2. Gene loses. Since Jon is the active player, the damage dealt to him will go on the stack first. Then the damage to Gene will be place on the stack. Gene's damage will resolved first, killing him, before the damage to Jon resolves.
3. They both die simulataneously and the game is a draw.

12. Darth has a Circle of Protection Black in play and two untapped plains. Jeff has a Black Knight (2/2 Protection from White). It is Jeff's turn and he disenchants the COP Black. Can Darth activate the COP Black to prevent any damage inflicted on him by the Black Knight this turn (before the Disenchant resolves)?

1. No. A Black Knight has protection from White and thus cannot be targeted by the COP Black
2. No. Only damage that has been assigned may be prevented.
3. Yes. Although you do have to name a source when the COP's ability resolves, this is not considered targeted.
4. Yes. Although you do have to name a source when the COP's ability is announced, this is not considered targeted
5. Yes. However since the COP will no longer be in play, the damage prevention effect will fizzle.

Terms no longer Used - Now we (should) say:

Question #1 -C. There are six State-based effects listed in the rule book. They are..

1. a player losing because of a life total of zero or below
2. a creature with zero toughness being put into its owner's graveyard
3. the destruction of a creature with lethal damage
4. a local enchantment that is no longer enchanting a legal permanent going to the graveyard
5. two legends of the same name not being able to exist, so the first one in play stays , the other goes to the graveyard
6. a token that leaves play ceases to exist

This is important to understand because of the rules regarding when state-based effects are checked. They are only checked for when a player would gain priority and during cleanup. They are not checked in the middle of the resolution of a spell. State-based effects are generated by the rules, not by effects.

Question #2 -The identifiers for triggered abilities are "when" and "whenever".

• A, C, D, G
• B is a state-based effect
• F is a static ability
• E, H are special game actions that happen in the appropriate phase as described in the rules

Triggered abilities frequently use the word "when".

Question #3: There are characteristics and abilities. Abilities include D (Unblockable), E (Regeneration), G (first strike), and I (flying). A creature's power and toughness are characterisitics, as are mana cost, alternate ways to play the spell, creature types, and color. Text on a card stating that the card "is" or "counts as" a particular type or color isn't an ability (See Rules 402.3,402.4)

Question #4. Which of the following statements about damage prevention and redirection are true?

1. Combat damage that is "redirected" from one creature to another, still retains its "combat" nature. TRUE
2. You cannot "redirect" red damage to a creature that has protection from red. FALSE
3. Damage that has been placed on the stack is considered "successfully dealt". FALSE
4. You cannot use a damage prevention ability until damage has been assigned by being placed on the stack. FALSE
5. If the creature you "redirected" damage to is no longer in play when the damage assigned on the stack resolves, then the damage in effect "disappears." FALSE

Question #5. When a permanent changes its type, for example a creature becomes an enchantment, which of the following statements are true?

1. The new type replaces any existing type(s) unless it specifically states otherwise. TRUE
2. A permanent can be more than one type at the same time, so the new type does not replace the old type, but rather both types exist at the same time. FALSE
3. Counters stay with the permanent even if they are meaningless. TRUE
4. Any Enchant Creature enchantments on a creature will continue to enchant that permanent even if is no longer a creature. FALSE

Question #6. When you play a spell or activate an ability (putting them on the stack) what do you have to do at that time?

1. If tapping is an activation cost, then you tap the permanent when it goes on the stack YES
2. b) You pick out all targets. YES
3. c) You decide all other things, such as number of cards to reveal for Cinder Seer. NO
4. You select any lands that will untap when the spell/effect resolves NO
5. You pay any mana costs YES
6. If the spell is modal, you select the mode YES
7. If a sacrifice is part of the cost, you have to make the sacrifice at that time YES

Question #7. A. No. Once a target for a coming into play has been selected, this target cannot be changed later on. Please note that it is possible to re-target spells and abilities if you use an outside effect.

Question #8. B. No. When the Oath's triggered abilities are placed on the stack, targets must be selected. The Slinger and the Riders are not in the graveyard yet and therefore cannot be targeted.

This is somewhat tricky, because the Oath cards have all been reworded recently. They now include the word "target" and their ability must be activated at the beginning of upkeep.

Question #9. A. No. Because for each creature that blocks, the Elk gains +2/+2.

Gang of Elk: Summon Beasts. Whenever a creature blocks it, Gang of Elk gets +2/+2 until end of turn. 5/4

The words "a creature blocks" are the key words here. If the Elk said "Whenever Gang of Elks becomes blocked, it gets +2/+2" then you could kill it with the two creatures.

Question #10. D Alex may use the damage prevention shield to prevent the next four points of damage he would otherwise be dealt.

Question #11. C. They both die simulataneously and the game is a draw.

Question #12 -C. Yes . Although you do have to name a source when the COP's ability resolves, this is not considered targeted. Note here that you name the source when the COPs ability resolves not when its announced.